Frontiers of Architecture and Engineering is an international, scholarly and peer-reviewed journal (print and online) with open access published quarterly in Singapore by Bilingual Publishing Co., an international publisher with a long history and high prestige, founded in 1984. It reports the latest and most innovative research results in all fields of engineering and architecture. It aims to promote the theory and practice of engineering science and architectural management. The Journal welcomes contributions which drive the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between educators and engineering researchers all over the world. A broad outline of the journal covers original research articles, case and technical reports, reviews and papers.